Jennifer Stepanek, D.C.

There are several types of headaches and what causes them can range from the mundane (too little sleep) to the dangerous (a brain tumor). Some of the most common types of head pain are tension-type headaches and migraines. If commercials on television are any indication, headaches caused by sinus problems also seem to be quite [..]

Although whiplash injuries are quite common, research is only beginning to describe the diverse symptoms that can develop when the neck has experienced trauma. Even a minor whiplash injury, such as may occur while playing sports, can have a significant impact on the delicate structures of the neck. Position sense or balance is how we [..]

British Medical JournalMarch 10, 2007;334:527-531Allan I Binder, consultant rheumatologistPresenting Features of Cervical SpondylosisSYMPTOMS* Cervical pain aggravated by movement* Referred pain (occiput, between the shoulder blades, upper limbs)* Retro-orbital or temporal pain (from C1 to C2)* Cervical stiffness—reversible or irreversible* Vague numbness, tingling, or weakness in upper limbs* Dizziness or vertigo* Poor balance* Rarely: syncope, migraine, [..]

Clinical NeurophysiologyFebruary 2007 Feb;118(2):391-402Haavik-Taylor H, Murphy BOBJECTIVE:To study the immediate sensorimotor neurophysiological effects of cervical spine manipulation using somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs).METHODS:Twelve subjects with a history of reoccurring neck stiffness and/or neck pain, but no acute symptoms at the time of the study were invited to participate in the study.An additional twelve subjects participated in [..]

Integrating Connective Tissue and Nervous System MechanismsMedical HypothesesVolume 68, Issue 1, January 2007, Pages 74-80Helene M. Langevin and Karen J. ShermanThe primary author is from the Department of Neurology, University of Vermont, College of Medicine.FROM ABSTRACTAlthough chronic low back pain (cLBP) is increasingly recognized as a complex syndrome with multifactorial etiology, the pathogenic mechanisms leading [..]

Assessing the Efficacy of Medication, Acupuncture, and Spinal Manipulation for Chronic Mechanical Spinal Pain SyndromesJournal of Manipulative and Physiological TherapeuticsJanuary 2005, Volume 28, Number 1Reinhold Muller, PhD, Lynton G.F. Giles, DC, PhDThis study is a follow-up to the study in Spine, July 15, 2003, which showed the short-term superiority of chiropractic adjustment over Celebrex, Vioxx, and acupuncture [..]

A Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing Medication, Acupuncture, and Spinal Manipulation SpineJuly 15, 2003; 28(14):1490-1502Lynton G. F. Giles, DC, PhD; Reinhold Muller, PhDFROM THE ABSTRACT:Study Design.A randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted.Objective.To compare medication, needle acupuncture, and spinal manipulation for managing chronic (>13 weeks duration) spinal pain because the value of medicinal and popular forms of [..]

Cost effectiveness of physical treatments for back pain in primary care UK BEAM Trial Team (Andrea Manca)British Medical Journal329:1381 December 11, 2004FROM ABSTRACTObjectiveTo assess the cost effectiveness of adding spinal manipulation, exercise classes, or manipulation followed by exercise (“combined treatment”) to “best care” in general practice for patients consulting with low back pain.DesignStochastic cost utility [..]

An Instructional Course Lecture,American Academy of Orthopaedic SurgeonsTHE JOURNAL OF BONE AND JOINT SURGERYVOLUME 86-A · NUMBER 8 · AUGUST 2004BY DARREL S. BRODKE, MD, AND STEPHEN M. RITTER, MDTHESE AUTHORS NOTE:Low back pain is often a difficult problem to solve.“There is a paucity of evidence from the health professional literature regarding its cause, management, and [..]

Patient Characteristics, Utilization, and CostsArchives of Internal MedicineOctober 11, 2004;164:1985-1992Antonio P. Legorreta, MD, MPH; R. Douglas Metz, DC; Craig F. Nelson, DC, MS; Saurabh Ray, PhD; Helen Oster Chernicoff, MD, MSHS; Nicholas A. DiNubile, MDFROM ABSTRACT:Background: Back pain accounts for more than $100 billion in annual US health care costs and is the second leading [..]

British Medical Journal;326:911; April 26, 2003 Ingeborg B C Korthals-de Bos, Jan L Hoving, Maurits W van Tulder, Maureen P M H Rutten-van Mölken, Herman J Adèr, Henrica C W de Vet, Bart W Koes, Hindrik Vondeling, Lex M Bouter, FROM ABSTRACT: Objective: To evaluate the cost effectiveness of physiotherapy, manual therapy, and care by [..]

The Journal of Orthopaedic MedicineVolume 21(l), 1999, pp. 22-25S Khan, J Cook, M Gargan G BannisterUniversity Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Bristol, UKFROM INCLUDED ABSTRACTObjective:To determine which patients with chronic whiplash will benefit from chiropractic treatment.Design:Retrospective review by structured telephone interviews of 93 consecutive patients seen in chiropractic clinic.Setting:Independent chiropractic clinic in a large city.Subjects:93 patients, [..]